1]moderate improvement so 3♠ is probably a better choice than 2♠ because 2♠ could be a call with about a K less playing value. After all what would you do with ♠xxxx ♥AQx ♦ AJxx ♣Jx, pass??? 2a] If you have it, you have to use it, otherwise you're denying a hand that could. 2b] my problem with 4♠now, is partner has already expressed a preference, he may only hold marginal values including offensively wasteful ♥ holdings, plus he may only have 4♠. 3] well for me X shows a bigger hand than an X of 1♥ plus the 2♥ call will put a lot of pressure on E making a penalty X more difficult. So yes 4♠