1. With a good 6 or 7 card ♠ I am always bidding 1♠ regardless of my strength. Going down in 1♥ while 4♠ is making is not my cup of tea. 2. 2♣ shows a max overcall, it often is a hand with exactly 3♠ or strong bal. 3. Yes NF can be very minimal. 4. Yes can be minimum, often a stiff ♠. 5. good 16+, often a stiff spade.