1) pass is not forcing by me either. but implied that parnter could bid on 5s with both diamond and spade double fit with shortage in club. 2) as i reading the auction, the opps's XX shows 4 card hearts most likely, otherwise he would choose 3c raise in the first place. i always try to use the LAW and the 5 level decision, opps has 10 or 11 club fit, and we had most 9 spade fit, total winner is 20. plus some downgrade adjustment due to HJ98, singleton diamond in partner's diamond suit. so i would choose defense. plus penalty double. 3) i have no idea, tough decision on the table. probably Pass. hope it all make sense. shan,