agree with mikeh. I would still open 1♥ on the second one, but it's close. A famous bridge player once said something like "if you have a choice between bidding and passing, you should bid."
Up shows the gradient of the gravitational potential of the Earth. It is easily generalisable to any gravitational field. That wouldn't give it an intrinsic value, as gravitational fields vary. (It is assumed.) http://img532.imageshack.us/img532/2885/boratg.jpg