Here's my observations on the VUgraph, systems and the never ending argument about complex systems. I keenly watched the Vugraph for numerous hours and found it a very rewarding experience. I tabulated a lot of the swing boards (gains/losses of more than 6imps) because I was interested to try to make my own judgement about what caused the differences. My observations would be: 1. Luck plays a big role. A large number of auctions are highly competitive - particularly where both sides have distributional hands. There were at least 15 slam hands I found in highly competitive auctions (bid but not makeable or not bid when cold) that produced large swings where the decision to bid slam can only be made on a guess - and these decisions are (almost) totally independent from any system method. 2. Aggressive preempting at the 3 and 4 level often paid...and again its judgement, evaluation and luck rather than system that seems to be more important in bidding over preempts than system. I didn't see positive swings produced by brown sticker preemptive type 2 level bids - there may have been some but of the 20 matches I reviewed I saw not a one. I did see five swings caused by the method getting the opening side into trouble. 3. In general bidding systems made little difference to the final contract in non-competitive auctions and natural systems did as well as highly artificial ones. 4. There were numbers of swings caused by arrival in different contracts - particularly in competitve auctions. I think two factors operate to produce this difference - one is mainly judgement and guessing and state of the match factors and mostly independent from bidding systems - and the other is indeed system dependent - artificial systems or different methods can induce large differences in competitive auctions that are totally system dependent - and it may be the case that an artificial bid lets the opponents "in" rather than being an aid in finding the right contract. 5. There were three slams I found in non-competitive auctions in the early rounds where only one or two pairs bid them and the system methods were very helpful in finding an otherwise hard to bid slam - but these boards are very rare. Most systems seem to do well at finding the same contracts in non-competitive auctions. 6. Many differences in score were due to difference in card play - the majority of the small swings are definitely due to this (and these do add up)... Again some luck on opening lead plays a large part - I saw numbers of game and slam swings caused by opening leads (although here one might argue that these are skill and judgement -Im not competent enough to judge). Finally a comment on the interminable argument about complex versus simple systems. I am one of the few 20-something players at my local bridge club. Of those I know around my age, many of whom are relatively new to the game, a consistent part of their keen interest in the game is an interest in systems and methods. I love the 'cleverness' of complex relay systems. At the same time I don't like playing against methods I am totally unfamiliar with. I also have taught bridge online (for free!) to retired folk who are returning to the game and who have no interest in grappling with a range of complex system methods. It does not mean they don't love the game. I mention these two groups because of how different they are and what motivates their interest. There are and always will be a range of newcomers, with a range of skills and a range of interests. The argument about 'complex methods' versus 'restricted approved methods' often becomes a silly binary opposite with emotionally charged arguments that ends up - like all binary opposities do - obscuring real understanding - and producing solutions which ultimately please nobody. Whatever solutions are proposed need to both cater for those people who want to play and play against the most complex systems, and those people who are new to the game for whom this would be inappropriate or those who have no desire to play against complex methods - and those who want to sometimes and not other times. There isn't a one size fits all solution. There needs to be a number of creative 'solutions'. And no one side of this argument is 'right'.