I am certainly in that camp, so how do I convince you I am? :) Hi David, a good question. To avoid any ambiguity, I will take the liberty of rephrasing it: "How do I asses, if a player is in the bracket where pass is the normal bid the first time, and pass is not a logical alternative the second time?" I would use the tools I normally do, when I have to asses what "class of player" people are. In this case they would probably include: 1) Former merits, or lack thereof. 2) At what level are you now competing. 3) The reaction to the question: "Why didn't you bid the first time?", which I would ask very early at the table. (I am quite convinced I would do this, I have been in these situations many times.) 4) System card. If it looks like something that 10-20 years ago would have had the stamp: "Simple but good", it would pull me in the direction of placing the player in the aforementioned bracket.