〖美国大师讲座〗精确体系中的无将阶梯

[DJNeill]

Hi all,

 

The original NT range in CC Wei precision was 13-15 HCP, possibly because it would allow the simple rule of all 16+ HCP hands opening 1C.

 

There is a trend in the West to open 1NT with 14-16 HCP in Precision.

 

Here are a few reasons:

 

1. When 1NT is 13-15, NT ranges with 16 or more HCP must be stretched and are vulnerable to being lost in interference.

 

One possible ladder is:

1D-1M-1N = 11-12

1N = 13-15

1C-1D-1N = 16-19

2N = 20-21

 

Another is:

1D-1M-1N = 11-12

1N = 13-15

1C-1D-1N = 16-18

2N = 19-20

 

or even:

1D-1M-1N = 11-12

1N = 13-15

1C-1D-1N = 16-18

1C-1D-1H [H or BAL]-1S[forced]-1N = 19-21

2N = 22-23

 

In each case, the balanced hands that open 1C start at 16.

 

The problem with stretching the 1C-containing NT range is that when the opponent's compete, opener has a wider range of NT's to cover.

 

1C-(1H)-X-(2H) and opener may have 16 balanced or 19 balanced, for example.

 

Or opener may have an unbalanced hand. Opener is already at a disadvantage and this adds to it.

 

By playing a 14-16 NT, opener will always have 17+ if balanced, which provides more information in competition.

 

 

2. By removing 16 HCP balanced hands from 1C, it makes a random 8 HCP response a better promise of game.

 

Balanced hands have the least trick potential, versus unbalanced hands, on average. If there is no fit, a 16 HCP NT is a disappointment opposite 8 HCP.

 

By guaranteeing 17+ HCP if balanced, responding hands can upgrade to a positive response more often, which makes it easier to handle competition and get to the right contract.

 

It is more difficult to handle competition after a 1C-1D than after a 1C-suit positive.

 

e.g.

xx xxx AKxxx xxx

could gamble a game forcing 2D response to 1C a lot more easily if 1C promised 17+ HCP if balanced. This hand might be lost after 1C-(Pass)-1D-(2S).

 

Removing the balanced bad hands from 1C makes it easier to guarantee game with any 8 HCP.

 

The main advantage of 13-15 HCP is that it is more common than 14-16, and thus you can describe your hand more often more quickly with 13-15. However, there is no clear consensus that losing a 4-4 major fit (that you could find with a frequent 1D opening) is worth opening 1NT more often.

[PrecisionL]

Dan, In several of my Precision partnerships I have played a 12-15 hcp 1NT. This is too wide a range, so we have gone back to 11-14 and open 1♦ with 15-16.

 

[lycier]

Hi all,

 

The original NT range in CC Wei precision was 13-15 HCP, possibly because it would allow the simple rule of all 16+ HCP hands opening 1C.

 

There is a trend in the West to open 1NT with 14-16 HCP in Precision.

 

Here are a few reasons:

 

1. When 1NT is 13-15, NT ranges with 16 or more HCP must be stretched and are vulnerable to being lost in interference.

 

One possible ladder is:

1D-1M-1N = 11-12

1N = 13-15

1C-1D-1N = 16-19

2N = 20-21

 

Another is:

1D-1M-1N = 11-12

1N = 13-15

1C-1D-1N = 16-18

2N = 19-20

 

or even:

1D-1M-1N = 11-12

1N = 13-15

1C-1D-1N = 16-18

1C-1D-1H [H or BAL]-1S[forced]-1N = 19-21

2N = 22-23

 

In each case, the balanced hands that open 1C start at 16.

 

The problem with stretching the 1C-containing NT range is that when the opponent's compete, opener has a wider range of NT's to cover.

 

1C-(1H)-X-(2H) and opener may have 16 balanced or 19 balanced, for example.

 

Or opener may have an unbalanced hand. Opener is already at a disadvantage and this adds to it.

 

By playing a 14-16 NT, opener will always have 17+ if balanced, which provides more information in competition.

 

 

2. By removing 16 HCP balanced hands from 1C, it makes a random 8 HCP response a better promise of game.

 

Balanced hands have the least trick potential, versus unbalanced hands, on average. If there is no fit, a 16 HCP NT is a disappointment opposite 8 HCP.

 

By guaranteeing 17+ HCP if balanced, responding hands can upgrade to a positive response more often, which makes it easier to handle competition and get to the right contract.

 

It is more difficult to handle competition after a 1C-1D than after a 1C-suit positive.

 

e.g.

xx xxx AKxxx xxx

could gamble a game forcing 2D response to 1C a lot more easily if 1C promised 17+ HCP if balanced. This hand might be lost after 1C-(Pass)-1D-(2S).

 

Removing the balanced bad hands from 1C makes it easier to guarantee game with any 8 HCP.

 

The main advantage of 13-15 HCP is that it is more common than 14-16, and thus you can describe your hand more often more quickly with 13-15. However, there is no clear consensus that losing a 4-4 major fit (that you could find with a frequent 1D opening) is worth opening 1NT more often.

 

首先我们真诚地感谢美国桥牌专家Dan Neill大师，全文如下：

 

 

精 确 体 系 中 的 无 将 阶 梯

大家好：

原始的魏氏精确体系的无将阶梯是13-15hcp，可能是因为该体系允许使用简单的开叫规则：16hcp+开叫1♣。

但在西方欧美国家里，精确体系倾向于1NT是14-16hcp。

原因如下：

 

1- 当1nt=13-15hcp时，16p或16p以上的无将阶梯肯定会被扩大，在受干扰的情况下，很容易遭受损失。

 

那么，一种可能的阶梯是：

1♦-1M-1N = 11-12

1N = 13-15

1♣-1♦-1N = 16-19

2N = 20-21

 

而另一种无将阶梯是：

1♦-1M-1N = 11-12

1N = 13-15

1♣-1♦-1N = 16-18

2N = 19-20

 

甚或阶梯是：

1♦-1M-1N = 11-12

1N = 13-15

1♣-1♦-1N = 16-18

 

1♣-1♦

1♥-1♠

1N = 19-21

 

（1♥* =H套或均型,逼叫至1♠

1♠*=接力）

 

2N = 22-23hcp

 

在这些牌例中，均型牌面开叫1c的起始点是16P。

这种被扩大的1♣的无将问题是：当处于对手争叫的进程下，开叫人的强无将阶梯范围过宽会被掩盖。

比如：

[hv=d=n&v=0&b=1&a=1c1hd2h]133|100[/hv]

开叫人可能是16p均型，也可能是19P均型，或者也可能是一手非均型。这样就使得本已处于不利的情况下的开叫人愈加不利。

而打14-16p阶梯的无将，如果是均型，开叫1♣将承诺永远有17p+。在竟叫过程中这就为同伴提供了更多的信息。

 

 

2- 从1♣开叫定义中去除16p均型， 就使得任意8hcp应叫都是更好的进局承诺。通常而言，相对于非均型，均型的牌面至少有赢墩的潜力。如果没有花色配合，那么一个16hcp的无将面对着同伴的

 

8hcp仍是一个令人沮丧的定约。

 

如果均型而能承诺17P+，经常会获得更多的积极应叫，使得在竟叫过程中处理的更加容易，并且获得正确的定约。

和1♣-同伴积极应叫花色相比，在竟叫过程中，1♣--1♦后更难处理。

例如：应叫人持有

♠：xx

♥：xxx

♦：AKxxx

♣：xxx

如果1♣开叫承诺均型时17hcp+，那这牌赌博性应叫2♦逼局就会容易得多。

而不至于象在下面这样的 叫牌进程中，很可能的丢局。

[hv=d=n&v=0&b=1&a=1cp1d2s]133|100[/hv]

 

从1♣开叫定义中去除均型坏牌，更容易保证任意8hcp进局。

13-15hcp的主要优点是比14-16hcp更常见，如此一来当你持有13-15hcp时可以更频繁更迅速地描述了。

但是，相比错过一门高花4-4配合（开叫1♦，你会经常性地发现高花配合），13-15p是否是更值得更频繁地开叫1nt没有明确共识。

 

Dan

[lxl3256]

学习了，感谢心烛老师。

 

 

[dillon561]

谢谢

[dvd]

jq的13-15的1n，的确存在一些问题；就开叫来讲，选择大nt还是小nt，就个人的认可度而言：可变大小nt>小nt>大nt；

Fantuns体系采用小nt，用作者的原话来讲，根据他的统计，小nt因为被x而造成的损失可以忽略不计，小nt带来的利远大于弊。

对打jq体系的牌手来讲，条件允许的话，这个NT阶梯的确值得改良。

[lycier]

作为译者，我曾多年就浏览他的网站，正是他的网站的专业性深深吸引了我的心，我非常敬佩他，以至于翻译时我能听到dan大师的心声！

意译和直译相辅，怕功底不深的读者误会，我减少了一些意译，他也尊重我的意见，措辞柔和而精炼。限于中国读者的心理承受和知识面，许多话大师是保留的，我敢负责说。而dan大师的牌技，我难望项背，不愧是美国著名的桥牌专家和教练，红丝带获得者。我关注留意和研究这位美国专家多年了，不曾想大师竟然爽快地履约了，让我激动不已。

略表数言，以示敬意！

[wuhuan]

感谢dan大师，连老师都说难望其项背，我等可能只能够看大师后脚跟的份了（玩笑），再次感谢dan大师。