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現代叫牌工具:改進的雙路斯臺曼約定叫(格蘭特·貝茨)


lycier

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现代叫牌工具:改进的双路斯台曼约定叫

Modified Two-way Stayman

格兰特·贝茨

编译:lycier(bbo ID)

格兰特·贝茨的改进的双路斯台曼约定叫(MTWS)取代了开叫人再叫1NT后的新低花逼叫约定叫(NMF)。就其止叫序列,邀请序列和逼叫序列而言,MTWS要明显好于NMF,并且应用时还有一些附加优势。如果应叫人未曾pass过,MTWS适用于任何时候开叫人开叫一阶花色,应叫人也应叫一阶花色,开叫人再叫1NT后,应叫人的再叫表达。MTWS还适用于敌方在一阶的争叫

MTWS有3个重要特征:

1. 当应叫人再叫 2C时,要求接力至2D---无条件逼叫至2D,没有例外!

2. 当应叫人再叫 2D时,是约定性的并且逼叫进局!其含义通常是对高花的重询,尽管也可以是对任意低花的逼叫序列的开始。

3. 应叫人跳再叫或开叫人的花色,或自己的花色或其他较低级的花色,(除了3C外)统统都是逼叫进局的,以描述应叫人一手清晰纯正的一套或多套的牌型。

被迫接力至2D的后续:

第一种可能是将止于2D,应叫人可能是一手长D套的弱牌。如果应叫人没有pass 2D,那么此后应叫人所做的任何叫品都是邀请的(除了明显的splinter,随后讨论)。这时,开叫人可能pass,或接受邀请进局,或有些情况作再次反邀请。

一 . 2 C后的变化

叫牌举例:1C -1S -1NT-2C -2D (开叫人被迫应叫2D)后:

如果应叫方再次叫出2H, 2S, 2NT, 3C,3D,3H, or 3S,,上述每一个叫品都是邀请。所有的这些叫品牌力范围:9—12hcp,而如果应叫人仅有9点这样叫牌,那么他一定有异乎寻常的好牌。上述各叫品含义如下:

1)2H 表示5—4高花

2)2S 表示5张高花套(偶尔6张)

3)2NT邀请3NT,同时表明对开叫方的所开叫的低花有4张支持;如果愿意,允许开叫人止叫于3C!就是说,如果开叫的是1D,那么这种延迟性加叫2NT表示了应叫人4张方片支持。如果没有4张低花支持,应叫人就应该直接加叫至2NT。

4)3C 表示5张C支持。

5)3D 表示5—5的 S和D套。

6)3H 表示5---5高花。

7)3S 表示6张S。

二. 2D 后的变化

2D是约定性逼局约定叫。其后续是通常显示了一手逼局的垃圾牌,尽管牌力很强,但没有长套或长套质量不够逼叫性跳再叫,2D一般适用于:

1) 为应叫方寻找3张高花支持。

2) 寻找未被发现的4---4高花的配合。

3) 对开叫人的低花套建立逼局进程。

4) 对未叫的低花建立逼局(且自然性)的叫牌进程。

三. 应叫方的跳再叫

定式1:应叫方跳再叫3C表示止叫!这是唯一的不逼叫的跳再叫的止叫序列!表明应叫方有一手很差的C长套的坏牌!(哈代著作《二十一世纪的二盖一》补充:应叫人典型的类似牌面:

S: Axxx H:x D:xx C: JTxxxx )

定式2:应叫人跳再叫或自己的花色,或开叫人的花色或其他较低级的花色(除了C之外)都是逼局的,表达一手清晰纯正的漂亮牌形和满贯兴趣。应叫方牌力无上限,他们可能持有对大满贯充满欲望的一手牌。

定式3:如果开叫人开叫的花色是D,那么应叫人必须有5张D支持才能跳再叫3D,否则就该先叫2D建立逼局,然后再叫支持D。如果开叫的是C,那么应叫人必须通过用2D进局逼叫后,才能支持C,因为立即跳再叫3C永远是一手坏牌和止叫进程!

重要推论:

开叫人开叫一阶低花,应叫人叫1S,开叫人再叫1NT,应叫人再叫2H!开叫方有14hcp,4张H支持,正常情况下,开叫人不知道是否应该加至3H或4H!采用本约定叫的方法,开叫人只pass!如果应叫人想做邀请,就该先使用2C接力。同理可证,应叫人再叫自己的高花套,也是不允许开叫人加叫的。

(译者注:比如:S:Qxxxx, H:Qxxx D:Q x C: x xx )(此为止叫序列)

需要澄清的问题:

1) 如果叫牌进程是:1C – 1D - 1NT,那么2D仍然是逼局进程。在此序列中,如果应叫人继续叫3C或3D,是对低花的定约,可能有满贯的兴趣。如果应叫人想要最后定约2D的话,应叫方就会使用2C接力至2D。

2)使用本约定叫没有改变逆叫的含义。如果叫牌进程是:1C – 1H - 1NT – 2S,应叫方有5+张H和4张S,逼局实力,很可能有满贯兴趣。

3) 应叫人叫过pass后的叫牌进程:

当应叫人曾经pass过,且开叫人再叫是1NT,2C还是要求接力至2D,接力结构完全适用,即使应叫人PASS过,但应叫方仍然可能有邀局牌力。如果开叫1C,你将不能定约停在2C,不过对手大概无论如何也不会让你停在2C的。

开叫人再叫1NT后,同伴再叫2D不再构成逼局,因为叫过pass的同伴不可能有逼局的的实力。在这种情况下,2D是自然叫,且非邀请;但应叫方确实保证了第一应叫花色是5张套。如果应叫人绕过更长的D套,应叫一门4张高花,或者如果对开叫人的开叫的1D有4张支持,在应叫一阶一门4张高花后,应叫方可以再叫2C逼迫开叫人接力至2D,然后PASS!

4) Splinter序列:

因为接力叫牌的实用有效性,开叫方再叫1NT后,应叫方有2种方式作Splinter再叫:

1:直接Splinter表示支持开叫人的花色;

1C -1H -1NT -3S,3S是对开叫花色C的splinter加叫。应叫人有1张S,4张H,5+张C,逼局实力;注意:应叫人未必就有满贯兴趣,所描述的整手牌情告诫同伴如果最终约定是无将的话,S可能存在问题。

2:接力后的一个不寻常跳叫的Splinter,表示支持应叫人自己的花色。

1C - 1H- 1NT- 2C -2D -3S 表示单张S,6+张H,有满贯兴趣。如果无意于满贯,就会在1nt后直接叫出4H。

注意:应叫人所作的Splinter,不论是支持同伴开叫的或自己应叫的花色,区别在于是否使用接力叫。

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格兰特·贝茨的改进的双路斯台曼约定叫(MTWS)取代了开叫人再叫1NT后的新低花逼叫约定叫(NMF),它和XYZ有着异曲同工之妙,都是很了不起的现代桥牌叫牌工具,更是中高级乃至专家级牌手必备的武器。也就是说,这都是应知应会的常识性高级叫牌装置。希望论坛群里的朋友们应该把本约定叫背得滚瓜烂熟,并从中受益。本文所介绍的是基本部分,还有拓展部分。另文介绍。
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  • 2 weeks later...
"当应叫人再叫 2C时,要求接力至2D---无条件逼叫至2D,没有例外!" ,这一观点我想请教一下,应叫人2C后, 开叫人是否可以不叫2D?例如开叫人一手牌:S:AKXX,H:AXX,D:X, C:AXXXX ,叫牌1C-1H-1S-2C之后,开叫人一定要叫2D而面临应叫人有可能PASS的情况吗?开叫人能不能在2C后叫2H。
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请教:1D-1S-1NT-3H,这个进程中的3H是哪一种意思?

特征3:应叫人跳再叫或开叫人的花色,或自己的花色或其他较低级的花色,(除了3C外)统统都是逼叫进局的,以描述应叫人一手清晰纯正的一套或多套的牌型。

根据特征3,这里的3H至少是55高花纯净的双套牌。

Splinter序列:直接Splinter表示支持开叫人的花色。

根据Splinter序列,这里的3H是对D套配合的Splinter。

《十一世纪的二盖一》下册P93,无将应叫练习第10题:

1D-1S-1NT-?持下列各手牌你会怎么叫?

AK83

6

KQT832

K5

书上的答案是:3H,支持方块的斯普林特。

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"当应叫人再叫 2C时,要求接力至2D---无条件逼叫至2D,没有例外!" ,这一观点我想请教一下,应叫人2C后, 开叫人是否可以不叫2D?例如开叫人一手牌:S:AKXX,H:AXX,D:X, C:AXXXX ,叫牌1C-1H-1S-2C之后,开叫人一定要叫2D而面临应叫人有可能PASS的情况吗?开叫人能不能在2C后叫2H。

 

是啊,我也注意到XYZ(1X-1Y-1Z)一节中有说开叫人不叫2D直接叫3C的情况(第29页),但是在MTWS(1X-1Y-1NT)中(第75页),则明确表示没有例外的情况。请问为什么会有不同处理呢?

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"当应叫人再叫 2C时,要求接力至2D---无条件逼叫至2D,没有例外!" ,这一观点我想请教一下,应叫人2C后, 开叫人是否可以不叫2D?例如开叫人一手牌:S:AKXX,H:AXX,D:X, C:AXXXX ,叫牌1C-1H-1S-2C之后,开叫人一定要叫2D而面临应叫人有可能PASS的情况吗?开叫人能不能在2C后叫2H。

这个就是XYZ约定叫和MTWS约定叫的区别。都说两个约定叫很像,不同的一点是,开叫者拿的均型牌时,再叫1NT,进入MTWS序列;而拿一手非均型牌时,不会再叫NT了,叫牌将进入XYZ序列。

所以,在MTWS中"当应叫人再叫 2C时,要求接力至2D---无条件逼叫至2D,没有例外!" 。而XYZ就不一样了。

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《十一世纪的二盖一》下册P93,无将应叫练习第10题:

1D-1S-1NT-?持下列各手牌你会怎么叫?

♠ AK83

♥ 6

♦ KQT832

♣ K5

书上的答案是:3H,支持方块的斯普林特。

配合这手牌让我更加认识到这个约定叫的复杂性——如何做到精确打击还需认真理解!

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《十一世纪的二盖一》下册P93,无将应叫练习第10题:

1D-1S-1NT-?持下列各手牌你会怎么叫?

♠ AK83

♥ 6

♦ KQT832

♣ K5

书上的答案是:3H,支持方块的斯普林特。

配合这手牌让我更加认识到这个约定叫的复杂性——如何做到精确打击还需认真理解!

1D-1S-1NT-3H=55双高花的一手清晰纯正的双套的牌的满贯兴趣。

心烛老师说采用低花反加叫。同伴开叫1D,应叫方拿上面的牌,应叫2D更优。

所以,这个例子不好。

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XYZ, theconvention

By BBOer Fluff (Bernard Marcoux)

In thisarticle (quite long, sorry about that - but I promise it is worth it), we willexamine a convention that is called XYZ. Many top players play thatconvention. My partner and I have been playing this for a great number ofyears and we have worked a lot to develop and refine it.

 

Why xyz? What does that mean?

 

1x 1y

1z

 

meaning

 

1any 1any

1any

 

The only important thing is that opener's rebid is at the one level, either a suit or NT.

 

So, when the bidding goes that way, a 2♣ rebid by responder is artificial, forcing opener to bid 2.

 

Opener

Responder

1♣

 

1

 

1♠/1nt

 

2♣!

 

ALERT! If they ask, you say: partner orders me to bid 2 (or, if you have to self-alert, artificial,forces 2 byopener)

 

This relay generally initiates INVITATIONAL sequences. Responder can showa number of hands with invitational strength. But this relay can also beused for this:

 

Opener

Responder

1

 

1y

 

1z

 

2♣

 

2

 

Pass

 

 

The 2♣ forces opener to bid 2 andresponder then passes.

 

A direct 2 rebidby responder is artificial and Game Forcing, even if opener's first bid was 1:

 

Opener

Responder

1♣/1

 

1

 

1♠/1nt

 

2!

 

ALERT! If they ask, you say: Artificial, Game Forcing.

 

So if you want to play 2, as responder, you cannot bid 2 directly. You have to use 2♣ and pass over the forced 2 rebid by opener.

 

The general structure is this:

 

  • A 2♣ rebid by responder is artificial and asks opener to bid 2. Responder will then pass or show different invitational hands.
  • A 2 rebid by responder is artificial, game-forcing, and asks opener to describe his hand.

What do we lose? After xyz, we cannot play 2♣. Whowants to play 2♣??J

 

1. Invitational sequences

 

 

Opener

Responder

1m

 

1y

 

1nt

 

?

 

Quick studies will have noticed that we have now 2 ways to invite by 2nt:

 

  • we can bid it directly after the 1nt, or
  • go through the artificial 2♣, forcing 2 by opener, and then rebid 2nt.

As nature hates voids, these 2 ways have to show differentthings. My partner and I play Lebensohl Fast Shows. So, to make it easy on memory, we play the same thinghere: direct 2nt shows 11-12 points and a 4 card fit in opener's minor, or atleast Hxx, the honour being A, K or Q.

 

Opener

Responder

 

1

 

1M

 

1nt

 

2nt = partner, I have 11-12 and 4 cards in diamonds, or Hxx

 

If you go through 2♣, then rebid 2nt (slow way), you still have 11-12points, but deny 4 cards in opener's minor. Opener with AKxxx, knowing a 4 card fit in his suit orQxx, can better evaluate the trick taking potential.

 

Opener

Responder

 

1

 

1M

 

1nt

 

2♣

 

2

 

2nt = partner, I have 11-12 points, but not 4 cards in your suit

 

What do you do if you have 5+ cards in opener's minor?

You go through the relay and then support.

 

Opener

Responder

 

1

 

1M

 

1nt

 

2♣

 

2

 

3 = partner, I have an invitational hand with 5+ cards in your suit

 

Same thing if the opening bid was 1♣.

 

Opener

Responder

 

1♣

 

1M

 

1nt

 

2♣

 

2

 

3♣ = partner, I have an invitational hand with 5+ cards in your suit

 

So what do you do with this hand:

 

 

Opener

Responder

 

1♣

 

1♠

 

1nt

 

3♣ = weak, preemptive

 

The jump to 3♣ at second turn by responder is weak, preemptive. Remember: afterxyz, you cannot play 2♣.

Let's see this sequence now:

 

Opener

Responder

 

1♣

 

1

 

1♠

 

2♣

 

2

 

2

 

What is responder showing? He is showing an invitational hand with 5+hearts. The advantage is that responder will play 2 instead of 3, as it would have happened if he were usingstandard methods. If he had 6 good hearts, responder would go like this.

 

Opener

Responder

 

1♣

 

1

 

1♠

 

2♣

 

2

 

3 = I have invitational values and 6 good hearts, AQJxxx, AQ109xx

 

If you have this hand:

 

 

Opener

Responder

 

1

 

1

 

1♠

 

?

 

Using standard methods, you have to jump to 3♠, showing invitationalvalues. With xyz, you can show the limit raise and still play at the 2level.

 

Opener

Responder

 

1

 

1

 

1♠

 

2♣

 

2

 

2♠

 

Pass

 

Very economical, no? Everybody will be in 3♠, struggling, while you willplay a cool and relaxed 2♠.

 

Opener opens 1.

 

The case with the 1 opening bid isinteresting.

 

Opener

Responder

 

1

 

1♠

 

1nt

 

?

 

Responder still has 2 ways to invite in no trump: directly andindirectly. So we have defined this agreement: direct way (Lebensohl fastshows) shows a helpful doubleton in hearts, Hx or at least J10.

 

Opener

Responder

 

1

 

1♠

 

1nt

 

2nt = partner, I have 11-12 with Hx in hearts, or at least J10

 

Knowing that, opener can now count tricks (instead of points) if his heart suitis AQJxx (responder shows the K, so 5 tricks there) or KQxxx (responder showsAx or J10, so at least 4 sure tricks there).

 

If you go through the relay, you still have 11-12 points, but no useful cardsin opener's suit.

 

Opener

Responder

 

1

 

1♠

 

1nt

 

2♣

 

2

 

2nt = partner, I have 11-12, but nothing to help you in hearts

 

Let's see a few example hands:

 

 

Responder's 3♣ says "partner, I have 11-12, 5 hearts and 5 clubs".

 

 

Responder's 3 says"partner, I have 11-12, 5 spades and 5 hearts".

 

 

 

Now 2 says"partner, I have 11-12, 5 spades and 4+ hearts".

 

As always with xyz, if opener is minimum, you will play at 2nd level instead of3rd level with standard methods. Big advantage.

 

The 2♣ relay initiates invitational sequences, but we can use it also for thistype of hand:

 

 

In standard methods, you have probably only one bid: 4nt quantitative. But why play 4nt when you can play 3nt?

 

Opener

Responder

 

1

 

1♠

 

1nt

 

2♣

 

2

 

3nt = partner, I have 19 pts, an invitational hand for slam

 

Opener will decide.

 

2. Game forcing sequences

 

Let's start by saying that any jump rebid by responder (except 3♣ preemptive)is Game Forcing and shows a good suit. By any jump rebid, we mean:

 

  • responder jumps (rebid) in his own suit;
  • responder jumps (rebid) in support of opener's suit;
  • responder jumps (rebid) in a new suit.

Examples:

 

 

The jump to 3♠ is game forcing and shows very good spades.

 

 

The jump to 3♠, this time in opener's suit, is game forcing and shows verygood spades (at least 2 top honors)

 

 

The jump to 3 showsa two-suited hand with both majors 5-5, good spades and hearts

 

What do you do if your suit is not that good?

 

In this case, responder can use the artificial 2 to set the game force, then continue to describe the hand.

 

Examples:

 

 

The jump to 3♠ shows a game forcing hand with 6 spades with some holes. Openerwith Kx in spades can then simply bid game with a minimum or cue-bid with amaximum.

 

I will end this looong article with a fun hand we played in a live competition:

 

 

I know, this jump to 7♠ is majestic, but my partner likes those jumps. Wehave also defined this rule: after a major suit fit is found, we NEVER play3NT. So 3NT becomes available for a new meaning, and it says: I have slamaspirations, but I don't have the Ace of clubs. Please tell me if youhave it.

 

Notice that with the void, RKC is not efficient. The jump to 3♠,promising 2 top honors, clarifies everything for opener, guaranteeing that thetrump suit is solid.

 

It would be too long to examine all sequences, but the bridge playingreaders can appreciate this basic structure and develop their own refinements.

 

One last thing: in competition, xyz is always ON, except when opener doesn'tmake a bid, meaning if he passes. If he bids something, even a double, xyzis on.

Hope you liked this article and that you will adopt xyz, a simple and funconvention to play.

 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

 

 

 

 

今天,我在BBO新闻里,看到fluff的最新研究文章,XYZ约定叫。

 

该文没有太多的新意,比照格兰特·贝茨的《改进的双路斯台曼》又少了一个splinter。通观全文,唯一可以说有点价值的搭档间的定义约定是:

 

[hv=d=n&v=0&b=1&a=1dp1sp1np2cp2dp3nppp]133|100[/hv]

3nt = partner, I have 19 pts, an invitational hand for slam

 

3nt=19hcp,邀请满贯。

 

 

这是具体内容的链接:

http://webutil.bridgebase.com/v2/news_fetch.php?id=1468

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