Thanks for the detailed responses, Mat and Adam. Very useful. A couple more questions : 1) Is it better to play 1C - 1N as semi-forcing? Frequently after responder denies a four card major with the 1N, opener will be stuck rebidding clubs (they will almost always have 5 because with 4-4 in the minors and a minimum hand, opener would usually open 1D), so is it better for that 1N to be semi-forcing? 2) Given we bid 1N (15-17) with 5 card majors, consider again the auction 1S - 2H - 2N. 2N should show a 18-19 point balanced hand with stoppers in unbid suits, right? I say this since with a minimum opener, I could always rebid the 5 card spade suit in this auction. 3) After the auction 1S - 1N, what is 2N by opener typically? What would a direct 3N be? I remember Roger saying something about this to me a long time back on BBO chat but unfortunately have lost all memory of it. Thanks!