I though about the following simple rule to understand whether X is penalty or negative/takeout: Add the number of bids made by your partner and the level of the opps bid. If you get 4 or more, your X is for pentaly, if less, then negative/takeout. Exceptions are X over natural NT (always penalty) and after p has made natural NT bid (also always penalty). Some examples: 1H - (2D) - X neg 3S - (X) takeout 1H - P - 2C -P 2D -(2S)-X penalty 4S - X penalty Does it make sense? Or is there too many cases when it will work in a wrong (undesired) way?