>In fact opponents are deceived by not being alerted to your style. You will profit from not fully disclose your methods to them, at best a dubious, though quite common practice. Fair enough, except the above. Playing with unknown partner you pick up AKQXXXX void xxxxxxx void You bid whatever you decide to bid. Did you "deceive opponents by not being alerted to your style"? Note that in my case, half the field made an 'unethical' bid. Self-alerted or not, I don't know, but let me guess...