I think the global standard is that dbl shows no spades (usually no heart stoppers too) and 1♠ shows 4+ spades. This is b). I play that dbl shows 4+ spades and 1♠ is transfer to NT, without 4 spades. Such transfers in defence are really useful, because NT is played from better hand. This is c). Before I use to play transfers, I had bidded dbl as exactly 4 spades and 1♠ as 5+. It makes finding a spade suit 5-3 or 6-2 easier. This is a). I'm from Poland and people play all this styles here and b) is the most popular.