Thanks for the link to that article. The use of terms- ( in that article) " no more 1% of the time"(assume that means) (no more 'than' 1%) "sound bridge judgment " "When a NT opening hand contains a singleton or void, the Director needs to look into the overall system to determine whether an infraction has occurred." Re system: We play Precision (form of) with a weak NT opener in 1st or 2nd seat. Openings (1d,1h,1s,2c,2d) are 11-15. We would like to try to make the 1H/S opening show either 14-16 or distributional hand (5-5) To do that we need to be able to open 1NT with a 5 card major. The problem hand, 1345. Hands with singletons: 5431 type 1-5-4-3 1-5-3-4 1-3-5-4 1-3-4-5 1-4-5-3 1-4-3-5 3-5-4-1 3-5-1-4 3-4-5-1 3-4-1-5 3-1-4-5 3-1-5-4 4-5-1-3 4-5-3-1 4-3-5-1 4-3-1-5 4-1-5-3 4-1-3-5 5-4-3-1 5-4-1-3 5-3-1-4 5-3-4-1 5-1-3-4 5-1-4-3 = 24 Exceptions: 1-3-4-5 1-3-5-4 3-1-5-4 3-1-4-5 open 1D (4) 4-5-1-3 4-5-3-1 open 1H (2) 5-4-3-1 5-4-1-3 open 1S (2) 1-4-3-5 3-4-1-5 4-3-1-5 4-1-3-5 open 2C (4) = 12 Hands with 5K Majors: 5-4-3-1 5-4-1-3 5-3-1-4 5-3-4-1 5-1-3-4 5-1-4-3 1-5-4-3 1-5-3-4 3-5-4-1 3-5-1-4 4-5-1-3 4-5-3-1 = 12 This leaves us with 12 hands that we would open 1NT on with singleton. (maybe opening all hands with a 5 card spade suit 1S might be an addition to exceptions) percentages: Distribution 5431 12.93% of time HCP You get 11-13 points 23.88% of time you would get 11-13 in 1st 12% 5431 ( 13% of 12%) = 1.56 % Help?? No idea if this math works.. but it seems that you would open 1NT with a singleton 'rarely. And if it is part of a system, does it qualify as 'sound bridge judgement'? Is there a place to present this, probably in a better format, to see if it would be allowable. Partner 'does assume' the 1NT is balanced and 'maybe' in a slam seeking auction Responder 'might' be able to deduce a singleton. Any further input appreciated, TIA