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Not just a good save, it makes, double dummy at least. A quick glance suggests a bit of cross ruffing and the club ace onside allows a couple of additional club tricks to be established. The one pair in it doubled went off.

'Wussy' good word, but I do not agree with its usage here. N/S should be in 4♠. 5♦X is a good save but whether you should take the hit at MPs I am unsure of. You and your partner are not at fault here imo. Just N/S for failing to get to game.

I would expect the double shows extra strength and defensive values rather than shapely. The archetypal hand would be 18-19 balanced that has some interest in penalising the opponents rather than inviting or bidding game, but it could be a bit weaker maybe with some 5422 shape (4 spades would be ideal here). The other bids remain much the same, although 2C and 3C now should have real club length rather than possibly being 3-card suits. The most interesting question is what you use 2NT for, since any balanced invitational hand would just redouble. The answer to that is likely to depend on the partnership's general approach, but maybe some game-forcing hand that doesn't want to jump to the three-level. This could be some 5-4 hands (which would let 3C be 5-5) or 6-4 hands, allowing responder to show their own suit.

If you wanted (10 year old) GIB to describe its actual logic of when it would bid 1NT over 1C, it would be along the lines of: - doesn't match 13 different rules with various conditions about having values for slam - doesn't match a rule with various conditions that tells it to pass - doesn't match another rule that tells it to bid an unusual 2NT - doesn't match 5 different rules that are various situations when it can double and then, either of these two rules match: - it has 15-18 HCP, its longest suit is 4 cards or a 5 card club suit, its shortest suit is 2 or 3 cards, and it has "stopper quality" = 4 (length + HCP in suit at least 8) OR - it has 16-18 HCP, its longest suit is 4 cards or a 5 card club suit, its shortest suit is 2 or 3 cards, and it has "stopper quality" at least 2 (2 = Kx or Qxx, 3 = A, QJx, or 5 HCP in the suit) But that doesn't really fit in the alert box :) Of course, some of the rules about slam would never overlap with the 1NT definition, but some of the doubles might, so you can't narrow it down to any hand which matches those last two rules. And it's not the same definition for overcalling a major. And that's actually a very simple scenario, if you wanted to know what a double meant here, it's not just the 5 possible rules alluded to above, but 3 others that come later after it rules out 1NT, Michaels, and 4 level bids, then another rule that it only looks at if it fails to match 25 other rules for suit overcalls..